Using validation attributes | laravel-data | Spatie

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  Laravel Data
===============

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  [Docs](https://spatie.be/docs)  [Laravel-data](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4)  Validation  Using validation attributes

 Version   v4   v3   v2   v1

 Other versions for crawler [v4](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4) [v3](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v3) [v2](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v2) [v1](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v1)

- [ Introduction ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/introduction)
- [ Support us ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/support-us)
- [ Requirements ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/requirements)
- [ Installation & setup ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/installation-setup)
- [ Third party packages ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/third-party-packages)
- [ Questions and issues ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/questions-issues)
- [ Changelog ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/changelog)
- [ About us ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/about-us)

Getting started
---------------

- [ Quickstart ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/getting-started/quickstart)

As a DTO
--------

- [ Creating a data object ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/creating-a-data-object)
- [ Nesting ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/nesting)
- [ Collections ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/collections)
- [ Abstract Data ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/abstract-data)
- [ Casts ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/casts)
- [ Optional properties ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/optional-properties)
- [ Mapping property names ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/mapping-property-names)
- [ Default values ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/defaults)
- [ Computed values ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/computed)
- [ From a request ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/request-to-data-object)
- [ From a model ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/model-to-data-object)
- [ Injecting property values ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/injecting-property-values)
- [ Factories ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-data-transfer-object/factories)

Validation
----------

- [ Introduction ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/validation/introduction)
- [ Auto rule inferring ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/validation/auto-rule-inferring)
- [ Using validation attributes ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/validation/using-validation-attributes)
- [ Manual rules ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/validation/manual-rules)
- [ Working with the validator ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/validation/working-with-the-validator)
- [ Nesting Data ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/validation/nesting-data)
- [ Skipping validation ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/validation/skipping-validation)

As a resource
-------------

- [ From data to array ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-resource/from-data-to-array)
- [ From data to resource ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-resource/from-data-to-resource)
- [ Mapping property names ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-resource/mapping-property-names)
- [ Appending properties ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-resource/appending-properties)
- [ Wrapping ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-resource/wrapping)
- [ Including and excluding properties ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-resource/lazy-properties)
- [ Transforming data ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/as-a-resource/transformers)

Advanced usage
--------------

- [ Eloquent casting ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/eloquent-casting)
- [ Transforming to TypeScript ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/typescript)
- [ Working with dates ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/working-with-dates)
- [ Normalizers ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/normalizers)
- [ Pipeline ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/pipeline)
- [ Creating a cast ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/creating-a-cast)
- [ Creating a transformer ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/creating-a-transformer)
- [ Creating a rule inferrer ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/creating-a-rule-inferrer)
- [ Use with Inertia ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/use-with-inertia)
- [ Use with Livewire ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/use-with-livewire)
- [ Internal structures ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/internal-structures)
- [ Mapping rules ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/mapping-rules)
- [ Validation attributes ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/validation-attributes)
- [ Get data from a class quickly ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/get-data-from-a-class-quickly)
- [ Performance ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/performance)
- [ Commands ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/commands)
- [ Traits and interfaces ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/traits-and-interfaces)
- [ In Packages ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/in-packages)
- [ Available property mappers ](https://spatie.be/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/available-property-mappers)

 Using validation attributes
===========================

###  On this page

1. [ Referencing route parameters ](#content-referencing-route-parameters)
2. [ Referencing the current authenticated user ](#content-referencing-the-current-authenticated-user)
3. [ Referencing container dependencies ](#content-referencing-container-dependencies)
4. [ Referencing other fields ](#content-referencing-other-fields)
5. [ Rule attribute ](#content-rule-attribute)
6. [ Creating your validation attribute ](#content-creating-your-validation-attribute)

It is possible to add extra rules as attributes to properties of a data object:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        #[Uuid()]
        public string $uuid,
        #[Max(15), IP, StartsWith('192.')]
        public string $ip,
    ) {
    }
}
```

These rules will be merged together with the rules that are inferred from the data object.

So it is not required to add the `required` and `string` rule, these will be added automatically. The rules for the above data object will look like this:

```
[
    'uuid' => ['required', 'string', 'uuid'],
    'ip' => ['required', 'string', 'max:15', 'ip', 'starts_with:192.'],
]
```

For each Laravel validation rule we've got a matching validation attribute, you can find a list of them [here](/docs/laravel-data/v4/advanced-usage/validation-attributes).

Referencing route parameters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sometimes you need a value within your validation attribute which is a route parameter. Like the example below where the id should be unique ignoring the current id:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $title,
        #[Unique('songs', ignore: new RouteParameterReference('song'))]
        public int $id,
    ) {
    }
}
```

If the parameter is a model and another property should be used, then you can do the following:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $title,
        #[Unique('songs', ignore: new RouteParameterReference('song', 'uuid'))]
        public string $uuid,
    ) {
    }
}
```

Referencing the current authenticated user
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you need to reference the current authenticated user in your validation attributes, you can use the `AuthenticatedUserReference`:

```
use Spatie\LaravelData\Support\Validation\References\AuthenticatedUserReference;

class UserData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $name,
        #[Unique('users', 'email', ignore: new AuthenticatedUserReference())]
        public string $email,
    ) {
    }
}
```

When you need to reference a specific property of the authenticated user, you can do so like this:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        #[Max(new AuthenticatedUserReference('max_song_title_length'))]
        public string $title,
    ) {
    }
}
```

Using a different guard than the default one can be done by passing the guard name to the constructor:

```
class UserData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $name,
        #[Unique('users', 'email', ignore: new AuthenticatedUserReference(guard: 'api'))]
        public string $email,
    ) {
    }
}
```

Referencing container dependencies
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you need to reference a container dependency in your validation attributes, you can use the `ContainerReference`:

```
use Spatie\LaravelData\Support\Validation\References\ContainerReference;

class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $title,
        #[Max(new ContainerReference('max_song_title_length'))]
        public string $artist,
    ) {
    }
}
```

It might be more useful to use a property of the container dependency, which can be done like this:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $title,
        #[Max(new ContainerReference(SongSettings::class, 'max_song_title_length'))]
        public string $artist,
    ) {
    }
}
```

When your dependency requires specific parameters, you can pass them along:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $title,
        #[Max(new ContainerReference(SongSettings::class, 'max_song_title_length', parameters: ['repository' => 'redis']))]
        public string $artist,
    ) {
    }
}
```

Referencing other fields
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is possible to reference other fields in validation attributes:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $title,
        #[RequiredIf('title', 'Never Gonna Give You Up')]
        public string $artist,
    ) {
    }
}
```

These references are always relative to the current data object. So when being nested like this:

```
class AlbumData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $album_name,
        public SongData $song,
    ) {
    }
}
```

The generated rules will look like this:

```
[
    'album_name' => ['required', 'string'],
    'songs' => ['required', 'array'],
    'song.title' => ['required', 'string'],
    'song.artist' => ['string', 'required_if:song.title,"Never Gonna Give You Up"'],
]
```

If you want to reference fields starting from the root data object you can do the following:

```
class SongData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $title,
        #[RequiredIf(new FieldReference('album_name', fromRoot: true), 'Whenever You Need Somebody')]
        public string $artist,
    ) {
    }
}
```

The rules will now look like this:

```
[
    'album_name' => ['required', 'string'],
    'songs' => ['required', 'array'],
    'song.title' => ['required', 'string'],
    'song.artist' => ['string', 'required_if:album_name,"Whenever You Need Somebody"'],
]
```

Rule attribute
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

One special attribute is the `Rule` attribute. With it, you can write rules just like you would when creating a custom Laravel request:

```
// using an array
#[Rule(['required', 'string'])]
public string $property

// using a string
#[Rule('required|string')]
public string $property

// using multiple arguments
#[Rule('required', 'string')]
public string $property
```

Creating your validation attribute
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is possible to create your own validation attribute by extending the `CustomValidationAttribute` class, this class has a `getRules` method that returns the rules that should be applied to the property.

```
#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY | Attribute::TARGET_PARAMETER)]
class CustomRule extends CustomValidationAttribute
{
    /**
     * @return array|object|string
     */
    public function getRules(ValidationPath $path): array|object|string
    {
        return [new CustomRule()];
    }
}
```

Quick note: you can only use these rules as an attribute, not as a class rule within the static `rules` method of the data class.